Alma 55:20 Textual Variants

Royal Skousen
for he had armed those prisoners of the Nephites which were within the walls of the city and [had gave 01ABDEFIJLP|he gave CGHK|had given MNOQRST] them power to gain possession of those parts which were within the walls

The original text here in Alma 55:20 read “and had gave”, which is perfectly acceptable for the original language of the Book of Mormon (since it allowed simple past-tense forms like gave for the past participle). In the 1840 edition, the had was replaced by he. This change could have been a typo or an attempt to improve the grammar—namely, creating an acceptable simple past-tense verb form by replacing the perfective had with the pronoun he. The 1908 RLDS edition restored the original had here but kept the past-participial gave. The 1953 RLDS edition emended the nonstandard use of gave to given. For the LDS textual tradition, which had always retained the original had, the past participial form gave was grammatically emended to given in the 1905 edition. The critical text will, of course, restore the earliest reading, “and had gave them power”. For discussion of the past participial form gave, see under 1 Nephi 5:8 and, more generally, under past participle in volume 3. the 1840 change of had to he is textually secondary and was removed from the RLDS text in 1908.

Summary: Restore in Alma 55:20 the original occurrence of gave as the past participle for the verb give;

Analysis of Textual Variants of the Book of Mormon, Part. 4

References