Alma 47:1 Textual Variants

Royal Skousen
for behold he had [took >+ taken 0|taken 1ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRST] those which were with him and went up into the land of Nephi among the Lamanites

Here Oliver Cowdery initially wrote “he had took those” in 𝓞; later he replaced the nonstandard use of took with the standard taken for the past participial form. He crossed out the first o, overwrote the second o with an a, and then inserted inline the en in the space between the earlier written took and those. The ink flow for the correction is heavier and broader than the ink flow for the original took (thus the quill was not as sharp as before), which strongly argues that the correction is secondary and was made considerably later and definitely not when Oliver read the text back to Joseph Smith during the dictation. The critical text will restore the original past-participial took in “he had took those”.

There are two other instances (but in 𝓟 rather than 𝓞) where Oliver Cowdery replaced a simple past-tense form with the standard past participle: “whom I had slew” to “whom I had slain” in 1 Nephi 4:26 and “the wild branches have grew” to “the wild branches have grown” in Jacob 5:37. The one in 1 Nephi 4:26 is clearly the result of editing since 𝓞 is extant and reads “whom I had slew”; although 𝓞 is not extant for Jacob 5:37, the correction in 𝓟 is distinctly secondary. (For further discussion, see under each of these passages.)

Here in Alma 47:1, we apparently have a third example of this kind of editing by Oliver Cowdery. Yet for all other instances of past-participial took in the manuscripts, Oliver never emended this nonstandard verb form to taken. Four of these other instances were of the form “and took” (see the list under Alma 8:26). But in two cases, the perfect auxiliary have occurred right before took (just like here in Alma 47:1):

Although this lack of editing on Oliver’s part elsewhere in the manuscripts could be taken as evidence that the change to taken in 𝓞 for Alma 47:1 was a correction to the original text, the difference in the ink flow, especially the broader ink flow, argues that the change to taken occurred considerably later rather than during the dictation of the text.

Summary: Restore the original past-participial took in Alma 47:1; Oliver Cowdery’s later correction in 𝓞 of took to the standard form taken appears to have been due to editing on his part.

Analysis of Textual Variants of the Book of Mormon, Part. 4

References