Alma 32:5 Textual Variants

Royal Skousen
and they came unto Alma and the one which was the [most 01ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQ| RST] foremost among them saith unto him …

The original manuscript is extant here and reads as “the most foremost”. The 1920 LDS edition and the 1953 RLDS removed what appears to be a redundant most. Grammatically, foremost refers to the categorical property of being first; thus one could object to its use as a scaler adjective in the phrase most foremost (as if there are varying degrees of being foremost). Yet in a similar way, speakers of English frequently treat the adjective unique as a scaler, as in sentences like “he was one of the most unique persons I have ever met” or “she is more unique than him”. Here in Alma 32:5, the original text implies that there were a number of leading (“foremost”) individuals and in this instance the “most foremost” of them was speaking to Alma.

Interestingly, the Oxford English Dictionary cites an example of most modifying foremost (although in an adverbial expression):

The OED also points out (under definition 4) that foremost is often strengthened by using the redundant phrase “first and foremost”. Such usage implies a semantic vagueness in the use of foremost. Another example of most foremost is found on Literature Online , with accidentals here retained:

The critical text will therefore restore the original instance of most foremost in Alma 32:5, despite its seeming redundancy.

For another Book of Mormon example involving morphological repetition, see the discussion regarding the original phrase wild wilderness in Jacob 7:26.

Summary: Despite its redundancy, restore the original reading most foremost in Alma 32:5.

Analysis of Textual Variants of the Book of Mormon, Part. 4

References