When Mormon interjects “And now… ” it typically signals that he is changing subjects. (See commentary accompanying 1 Nephi 1:19–20.) Thus, the literary unit on the political organization of Alma’s people has ended, and Mormon will discuss their religious organization. Mormon has recorded Alma’s discourse against kingship, but he does not describe the kind of government that they did institute.
It is possible, however, to offer some speculations. Alma’s influence over the people was tremendous. He was their gospel teacher and the symbol of their unity, manifest not only in their religious community but also in the physical creation of their city. It is hard to see him as any but the de facto ruler, whatever his title—here, high priest, which undoubtedly indicates both a religious and political position. Noah’s priests also held religious/political posts, although they were clearly subservient to Noah. Alma is simply choosing a religious title rather than a political one.
What significance does Alma attach to this different title since, for all practical purposes, he still represents one-man rule? The difference is the central role of the gospel. Alma’s greatest argument against monarchy was the king’s tendency to lead people away from Yahweh. As a high priest, Alma is aligned with Yahweh and affirms that gospel principles will inform public life. It is not the locus of power, but the righteousness of power that makes the difference.