Jacob 5:46 Textual Variants

Royal Skousen
and these I [have > had 1|had ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRST] [hope >js hoped 1|hope A|hope > hoped B|hoped CDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRST] to preserve to have laid up fruit thereof against the season unto mine own self

While copying from 𝓞 into 𝓟, Oliver Cowdery initially wrote have hope, but this was apparently an error that he immediately corrected to had hope (that is, he corrected the tense from the present to the past). The level of ink flow appears to be the same, and the context definitely requires the past-tense had.

Joseph Smith later added a d to hope, thus reinterpreting the main verb had and the noun hope as a past perfect verb phrase, had hoped. As noted in the previous discussion, this change was implemented in the 1837 edition as an in-press change. Subsequent editions have consistently followed the corrected state (had hoped), unlike three other in-press changes made in Jacob 5:45–46 (see the preceding discussion).

Nonetheless, this change of hope to hoped is wholly inconsistent with the rest of the Book of Mormon text. Elsewhere, there are numerous examples of the main verb have taking the noun hope as a direct object (17 times):

And for seven of these, the direct object hope has no modifier or determiner and is unconjoined with any other noun (just as originally in Jacob 5:46). And in two cases (Jacob 7:5 and Mormon 6:4), we have the same had hope as originally in Jacob 5:46. In fact, all three cases of had hope are immediately followed by an infinitive clause (“these I had hope to preserve”, “he had hope to shake me”, and “we had hope to gain advantage”). On the other hand, there are no examples of the verb hope taking the perfect auxiliary have—that is, there are no examples at all in the original text of have hoped, hath hoped, has hoped, had hoped, or having hoped.

Summary: Restore the original reading had hope in Jacob 5:46; the original Book of Mormon text is consistent in its usage with respect to “have hope”, with no examples of “have hoped”.

Analysis of Textual Variants of the Book of Mormon, Part. 2

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