Hamath (2 Nephi 20:9) was a city on the east bank of the Orontes river, lying on one of the main trade-routes to the south from Asia Minor. It was conquered by Jeroboam II (about 780 B.C., 2 Kings 14:28) and Sargon (about 721 B.C., 2 Kings 18:33; Isaiah 36:18; 37:13). Its destruction symbolized the overwhelming might of Assyria (Isaiah 10:9). [Tyndale House, The Illustrated Bible Dictionary , Vol. 2, p. 605]
“Arpad”
Arpad (2 Nephi 20:9) was the name of a city and Aramaean province in northern Syria, now Tell Rif'at, about 30 kilometers northwest of Aleppo. Annexed by Tiglath pileser III after a 2-year siege in 740 B.C., it rebelled with Hamath, Damascus and Samaria in 720, and was reconquered by Sargon II. This lies behind the boast of Rabshakeh to Jerusalem (2 Kings 18:34; Isaiah 36:19; 37:13, AV "Arphad"). Its destruction symbolized the overwhelming might of Assyria (Isaiah 10:9; Jeremiah 49:23). [Tyndale House, The Illustrated Bible Dictionary , Vol. 1, p. 118]
2 Nephi 20:9 Calno, Carchemish, Hamath, Arpad ([Illustration]): Centers of Aramaean settlement. Aramaeans are usually called "Syrians" in the English Old Testament. [Tyndale House, The Illustrated Bible Dictionary, Vol. 1, p. 91]