2 Nephi 19:1 Textual Variants

Royal Skousen
the land of [Zebulon 1|Zebulun ABCDEFGHIJKMNOPQRST|Zebulum L] and the land of Naphtali … beyond [Jordon 1|Jordan ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRST] in [Gallilee 1|Galilee ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRST] of the nations

Isaiah 9:1 (King James Bible) the land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali … beyond Jordan in Galilee of the nations

In this verse we have three biblical names that are misspelled in the earliest extant source, the printer’s manuscript: Zebulun as Zebulon, Jordan as Jordon, and Galilee as Gallilee. In all these cases, the 1830 compositor set the correct spelling. These misspellings in 𝓟 suggest that Joseph Smith did not spell out familiar biblical names to his scribes. He either assumed that the scribes knew how to spell them or, in any event, that the printer would correctly spell them. Similarly, at the end of this chapter, the name for the tribe Manasseh is misspelled (see the discussion at 2 Nephi 19:21). On the other hand, the completely unfamiliar sentence-names Shear-jashub and Maher-shalal-hash-baz are correctly spelled in the printer’s manuscript, which suggests that in more complex cases like these, Joseph did spell out the name. For discussion of these examples, see 2 Nephi 17:3 and 2 Nephi 18:1.

In the Masoretic Hebrew text, the noun form referring to a descendant of Zebulun is Zebulonite rather than Zebulunite. The King James Bible spells two of these as Zebulonite (Judges 12:11–12) and one as Zebulunite (Numbers 26:27). Thus the Book of Mormon spelling Zebulon could be interpreted as interference from the rarely occurring Zebulonite. In a similar way, the New Testament spelling Zabulon (found in Matthew 4:13, 15 and in Revelation 7:8) could have served as the source for the spelling Zebulon (providing one ignores the fact that Zabulon has a for the first vowel rather than e). In fact, the passage in Matthew 4:15 cites this same verse of Isaiah.

More reasonably, the spelling Zebulon in 𝓟 is an error that was introduced either as Oliver Cowdery took down Joseph Smith’s dictation or as he copied the text from 𝓞 into 𝓟. The probable source for the error is the phonetically similar word Babylon, which would have been a very familiar name to Joseph and Oliver. The name Babylon also occurs fairly frequently in the Book of Mormon (11 times). Zebulun itself may have been pronounced as if it were Zebulon (which is, in fact, my own pronunciation of the name). A contributing factor may have been the occurrence of four other names in the Book of Mormon that end in -lon (namely, Amulon, Shiblon, Shemlon, and Heshlon) but none that end in -lun except Zebulun.

The name Jordan appears three other places in the Book of Mormon and was frequently misspelled (as here in 2 Nephi 19:1). We get the following variation for Jordan in the textual history:

For a complete discussion of the misspelling Jordon, see Mormon 5:3.

Summary: Follow the King James spellings Zebulun, Jordan, and Galilee in 2 Nephi 19:1.

Analysis of Textual Variants of the Book of Mormon, Part. 2

References